双语：5个科学方法帮你戒掉吃肉

　　Are you a conflicted carnivore – loving meat but also hating that you love it?

　　你是一个矛盾中的肉食动物吗?喜欢吃肉，却又讨厌自己喜欢吃肉这一点?

　　Maybe you're ashamed of all the wasted water and food that goes into meat production and the deforestation and damaging emissions caused by animal agriculture.

　　可能你是舍不得那些浪费在肉类生产中的水和食物，以及由动物农业造成的去森林化和有害泄露。

　　Many of us also simply struggle to accept the justifications used to defend the killing of intelligent, emotionally sensitive animals.

　　而我们当中还有一些人，单纯就是觉得不能接受对那些有智力、有感觉的动物进行屠杀。

　　You wouldn't be alone – initial findings recently presented at a conference suggests that more than 30 percent of meat eaters in the US, Germany and France are conflicted about eating animals.

　　你不是一个人，最近在一次大会上公布的发现指出：美国、德国、法国人中30%的肉食者都对吃肉感到矛盾。

　　Here are five ways in which psychology may be able to help.

　　而这有5个心理学方法可以帮到你。

　　1. Be prepared

　　做好准备

　　Most of our eating is mindless, meaning it is governed by habits, rituals and what is available.

　　我们的大多数进食行为是不经过大脑的，意思是，它们完全受习惯、仪式所控制，或者仅仅是有什么就吃什么。

　　Our power to overcome temptation depends on us first identifying that there is a conflict we need to address.

　　如果我们要抵抗诱惑，那我们首先得认识到这有个问题需要解决。

　　One way to counteract mindless eating then is to prepare ourselves for an upcoming temptation.

　　而我们对抗这种无意识进食的方法，就是为马上要到来的诱惑做好心理准备。

　　One way of doing this would be to look at the restaurant menu online before you arrive and determining what to order.

　　其中一种办法就是，在去餐厅之前，先查好餐厅的菜，并决定好你要点什么。

　　2. Try mindful eating

　　试试全神贯注地吃

　　The opposite of mindless eating might be called "mindful" eating.

　　无意识进食的反面被称为“有意地”吃。

　　This means placing greater attention on food-related thoughts and cravings as they arise.

　　这意味着，在有关食物的想法和欲望出现时，就将额外的注意力放在上面。

　　The mindfulness training involved paying attention to various parts of the body for arising sensations, and attending to food-related thoughts and cravings – noticing them but not acting on them.

　　这种全神贯注的训练包括将注意力施加在身体各部位的感官上，并注意关于食物的想法和欲望，单纯只是注意它们，而不是对它们采取行动。

　　3. Broaden your outlook

　　将眼界放开

　　Another trick from the psychology of self control is to adopt a wider mental frame.

　　另一个关于自控的心理学技术就是：用更宏观的视野来看问题。

　　For example, you may want to think about all the meals you will eat or all the animal lives you will save in your lifetime.

　　比如，你可以想象你这辈子会吃下的所有食物，或是你这辈子通过不吃肉能拯救的动物。

　　Setting aside fish and seafood, that's about 30 lives per year for the average American.

　　撇开鱼和海鲜不谈，对于一般的美国人来讲那就是1年30头。

　　Wide mental frames help us cast our momentary choices within the larger goals we have for ourselves, such as helping the planet or helping animals.

　　更宏观的思维模式能让我们把自己的支出问题联系到更宏大的目标上，比如拯救地球或者帮助动物。

　　4. Picture the animals

　　想象那些动物

　　People currently avoiding meat tend to have a richer understanding of the cognitive and emotional capabilities of farmed animals – for example, they understand that pigs, like humans and dogs, have sophisticated emotional lives.

　　那些现在已经不吃肉的人一般对动物的认知和情感有更深的了解——比如，他们知道猪像人和狗一样，拥有复杂的情感生活。

　　They also are quick to connect the meat on the plate with the once-living animal source. When they see meat – they see an animal.

　　他们也能很快地把盘中的肉和曾经活着的动物联系起来。当他们看见肉的时候，他们看见的是动物。

　　We know from recent studies that connecting meat to animals or animal suffering can spoil appetites.

　　从最近的研究中我们已经得知：把肉和动物的痛苦联系起来，能够倒胃口。

　　For example, many people find roast pork tasty, but much less tasty when the pork comes with a pig's head on the plate.

　　比如，很多人都觉得烤猪肉很可口，但如果这个肉是从盘中的猪头上取下来的，那胃口就小多了。

　　5. Find sympathetic friends

　　寻找有同情心的朋友

　　Many people who have given up being vegetarian say that they struggled to find a supportive network of like-minded eaters.

　　很多放弃做素食主义者的人都说，他们曾为寻找志同道合的人而挣扎过。

　　But it's likely that some of your friends may have similar levels of discomfort with meat as you.

　　但其实你的朋友中很有可能就有和你想法相近的人。

　　So don't fall into the trap of assuming you're alone.

　　所以，不要以为你是孤身一人。

　　And when dining with less amenable friends, you might scout out restaurants that integrate vegetarian options into their menus.

　　而当你和不那么有社会责任心的朋友出去时，你可以试试找那些菜单中有素食选项的餐厅。

　　This will avoid splintering the group into opposing pro and anti-meat factions.

　　这可以防止将一组人分化为吃肉和反吃肉的对立阵营。

　　In addition, some research suggests it might increase the chances of everyone ordering a meat-free meal.

　　而且，有些研究还表明：这可能可以增加每个人点素食菜肴的机会。