哈佛歧视亚裔案曝新证据！“人都没见，直接给最低分”

　　进入世界顶尖大学读书，是不少人的梦想，不过考核的标准可不简单。除了学习成绩、社团活动、体育素质、性格特质……学生的种族居然也是一道门槛?此前，非营利组织“学生公平录取”(SFFA)就起诉美国常青藤名校哈佛大学，控告其非法歧视亚裔美籍申请人。

　　6月15日，“学生公平录取”组织向法庭提交了一份报告，为证明哈佛歧视亚裔申请人提供了新证据。这份报告分析对照了2010-2015年间哈佛大学的申请和录取材料，其中包括16万名学生的数据。据《纽约时报》报道：

　　Harvard consistently rated Asian-American applicants lower than others on traits like “positive personality,” likability, courage, kindness and being “widely respected,” according to the analysis…

　　这份报告显示，在“积极人格”、亲善力、勇气、善良和“广受尊敬”等性格特质上，哈佛给亚裔美籍申请人打出的评分一直低于其他族裔申请人。

　　Asian-Americans scored higher than applicants of any other racial or ethnic group on admissions measures like test scores, grades and extracurricular activities, according to the analysis commissioned by SFFA. But the students’ personal ratings significantly dragged down their chances of being admitted, the analysis found.

　　“学生公平录取”组织委托进行的这项分析显示，在测验得分、成绩、课外活动这些录取指标上，亚裔美国学生的得分比其他种族或族裔的申请人都高。但分析也发现，亚裔学生的性格评分显著拉低了他们的录取几率。

　　The court documents, filed in federal court in Boston, also showed that Harvard conducted an internal investigation into its admissions policies in 2013 and found a bias against Asian-American applicants. But Harvard never made the findings public or acted on them.

　　提交给波士顿联邦法院的这些法庭文件还显示，哈佛大学在2013年对其招生政策进行过内部调查，也发现了对亚裔美籍申请人存有偏见。但哈佛从未公布调查结果，也并未对此采取行动。

　　Harvard, one of the most sought-after and selective universities in the country, admitted only 4.6 percent of its applicants this year. That has led to intense interest in the university’s closely guarded admissions process. Harvard had fought furiously over the last few months to keep secret the documents that were unsealed Friday.

　　哈佛大学是美国最热门也最难申请的大学之一，今年的录取率仅为4.6%。这使人们对哈佛严格保密的录取过程充满好奇。为避免公布15日披露的这些材料，哈佛在此前数月进行了激烈的抗争。

　　The documents came out as part of a lawsuit charging Harvard with systematically discriminating against Asian-Americans, in violation of civil rights law. The suit says that Harvard imposes what is in effect a soft quota of “racial balancing.” This keeps the numbers of Asian-Americans artificially low, while advancing less qualified white, black and Hispanic applicants, the plaintiffs contend.

　　此次诉讼指控哈佛大学在制度上歧视亚裔美国人，违反了民权法。诉讼称哈佛事实上实施了“种族平衡”的软配额。原告指出，这个制度人为地压缩亚裔学生人数，使资质更逊色的白人、黑人和西语裔申请人得到录取机会。

　　Harvard and the group suing it have presented sharply divergent views of what constitutes a fair admissions process.

　　对于什么是公平的录取过程，哈佛大学和提起诉讼的组织表达了截然不同的观点。

　　“It turns out that the suspicions of Asian-American alumni, students and applicants were right all along,” the group, Students for Fair Admissions, said in a court document laying out the analysis. “Harvard today engages in the same kind of discrimination and stereotyping that it used to justify quotas on Jewish applicants in the 1920s and 1930s.”

　　“学生公平录取”组织在列出上述分析报告的一份法庭文件中说：“亚裔校友、在校生和申请人的怀疑原来一直都是对的，哈佛大学今日持有的歧视与成见，与它在20世纪二三十年代给犹太申请人设定限额并为之自辩时如出一辙。”

　　哈佛大学如何回应?

　　Harvard vigorously disagreed on Friday, saying that its own expert analysis showed no discrimination and that seeking diversity is a valuable part of student selection. The university lashed out at the founder of Students for Fair Admissions, Edward Blum, accusing him of using Harvard to replay a previous challenge to affirmative action in college admissions, Fisher v. the University of Texas at Austin. In its 2016 decision in that case, the Supreme Court ruled that race could be used as one of many factors in admissions.

　　哈佛大学15日表示强烈反对，声称校方专家的分析显示并无歧视，而追求多元化是学生录取的重要一环。哈佛抨击了“学生公平录取”组织创始人爱德华•布鲁姆，指责他利用哈佛再次非难大学录取工作中的“积极平权措施”，上一次是费舍尔起诉德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校。2016年最高法院对后者做出裁决，认定种族可以是学生录取过程中的诸多考虑因素之一。

　　“Thorough and comprehensive analysis of the data and evidence makes clear that Harvard College does not discriminate against applicants from any group, including Asian-Americans, whose rate of admission has grown 29 percent over the last decade,” Harvard said in a statement. “Mr. Blum and his organization’s incomplete and misleading data analysis paint a dangerously inaccurate picture of Harvard College’s whole-person admissions process by omitting critical data and information factors.”

　　哈佛大学在一份声明中说：“全面透彻地分析数据和证据，就能清楚地看到哈佛大学并不歧视任何群体的申请人，包括亚裔美国人，该群体的录取比例在过去十年中已经增长了29%，” “布鲁姆先生和他的组织片面地、误导性地分析数据，忽略了关键数据和背景信息，对哈佛大学全面评估每个申请人的录取过程做出了严重失实的描绘。”

　　In court papers, Harvard said that a statistical analysis could not capture the many intangible factors that go into Harvard admissions. Harvard said that the plaintiffs’ expert, Peter Arcidiacono, a Duke University economist, had mined the data to his advantage by taking out applicants who were favored because they were legacies, athletes, the children of staff and the like, including Asian-Americans. In response, the plaintiffs said their expert had factored out these applicants because he wanted to look at the pure effect of race on admissions, unclouded by other factors.

　　在法庭文件中，哈佛大学称，统计分析看不到哈佛录取工作中涉及的许多无形因素。哈佛声称原告方专家、杜克大学经济学家彼得•阿奇迪亚科诺为有利的结论歪曲数据，筛掉了因校友子女、运动员、教工子弟等身份而受惠的申请人，这其中也有亚裔美国人。原告方对此辩称，专家剔除这些申请人是希望排除其他影响因素，单纯着眼于种族对学生录取的影响。

　　Both sides filed papers Friday asking for summary judgment, an immediate ruling in their favor. If the judge denies those requests, as is likely, a trial has been scheduled for October. If it goes on to the Supreme Court, it could upend decades of affirmative action policies at colleges and universities across the country.

　　诉讼双方在15日都提交了文件，要求法庭立即做出有利己方的判决。法官很可能拒绝他们的请求，如果拒绝，案件将在10月进行庭审。如果案件诉至最高法院，可能会推翻全美各地的大学实行了几十年的“积极平权措施”政策。