出国留学指南：美国哪些大学的毕业生“钱途”最光明？

　　A national survey of college freshmen spanning half a century offers this broad takeaway: A generation ago, students attended college to search for meaning and find themselves. Today, they enroll with the aim of landing a good job after graduation and making money.

　　一项跨越半个世纪的全美大学新生调查得出了一个具普遍性的结论：上一代大学生上学是为了探寻意义和发现自我，而如今的大学生则是以毕业找个好工作赚钱为目标。

　　The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings take this pragmatic view into account and weigh financial outcomes as the most important factor in the overall ranking.

　　《华尔街日报》/《泰晤士报高等教育》大学排名(The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings，简称：WSJ/THE大学排名)考虑了这种务实的想法，以毕业后财务方面培养成绩作为总排名中最重要的考量因素。

　　Outcomes scores are derived from graduation rates, income after graduation, debt repayment and academic reputation. The outcomes evaluation is 40% of a school’s total score.

　　这一培养成绩得分取决于毕业率、毕业后收入、还贷能力以及学术声誉，在学校总得分中占40%的比重。

　　With their rarefied social networks, door-opening reputations and top-flight academics, it isn’t surprising that the schools with top outcomes are all brand-name institutions. Yale University, Harvard University and Duke University tied for the top spot, with Princeton University at No. 4 and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University tied at No. 5. The California Institute of Technology and Dartmouth College, tied at No. 7, Stanford University and the University of Pennsylvania round out the top 10.

　　各大名校凭借其高端社交网络、广纳人才的口碑以及一流的学者，毫无悬念地排在这一培养成绩榜的前列。耶鲁大学(Yale University)、哈佛大学(Harvard University)和杜克大学(Duke University)并列第一，普林斯顿大学(Princeton University)位居第四，麻省理工学院( Massachusetts Institute of Technology)和哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)并列第五。加州理工学院(California Institute of Technology)和达特茅斯学院(Dartmouth College)并列第七，斯坦福大学(Stanford University)和宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)跻身前十。

　　Less predictable and perhaps more revealing is the value-added measure of salaries, which is rolled into outcomes. Added value was calculated by comparing predicted salaries—based on factors including students’ SAT scores and family income and an institution’s population of first-generation college students—to the actual outcomes for graduates 10 years after enrollment. We used a Brookings Institution analysis of value-added college outcomes as a guide on this measure, recognizing that high graduate salaries alone don’t indicate school success.

　　薪资增值指标也被纳入这一培养成绩的计算中，该指标较难以预测，但可能更能揭示问题。计算增值的方法是将学生的预期收入(根据学生的SAT分数、家庭收入以及院校第一代大学生人数估算得出)与入学10年后毕业生的实际收入相比较。我们借助布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)一项对于增值培养成绩的分析来指导该项评分，发现仅仅是毕业薪资高并不能表明学校培养成功。

　　Only six of the top 30 schools overall—Harvard, Duke, Yale, Georgetown University, the University of Notre Dame and the University of Southern California—finished in the top 50 in financial added value. Instead, the list was dominated by schools that offer specialized education in fields like medicine, aeronautics and design.

　　总排名前30的高校中，只有哈佛大学、杜克大学、耶鲁大学、乔治敦大学(Georgetown University)、圣母大学(University of Notre Dame)和南加州大学这六所院校跻身薪资增值榜前50位。反而是在医学、航空和设计等领域提供专业教育的学校在这份榜单中有不俗的表现。

　　Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University—whose Prescott, Ariz., campus, ranked No. 250 overall, and Daytona Beach, Fla., campus, No. 207 overall, tied for 19th in added value—and the ArtCenter College of Design in California, 129th overall and 11th in added value, fared exceptionally well. At the very top of the added-value list is the Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, No. 266 overall, followed by the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, No. 282 overall. Graduates at ACPHS earn an average of $117,333 10 years after enrollment based on the average of multiple years of data, nearly $30,000 more than predicted—and nearly $43,000 more than graduates from Yale.

　　安柏瑞德航空航天大学(Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University)的亚利桑那州普雷斯科特分校总排名第250位，其佛罗里达州代托纳海滩校区总排名第207位，但这两个校区在薪资增值榜上并列第19。总排名第129位的加州艺术中心设计学院(ArtCenter College of Design)在薪资增值榜上排名第11位，表现异常出色。位居薪资增值榜榜首的是总排名第266位的奥尔巴尼医药与健康科学学院(Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences)，其次是总排名第282位的麻省药业及卫生科学学院(Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences)。基于多年平均数据，奥尔巴尼医药与健康科学学院的学生入学10年后的人均收入是117,333美元，比预期高出近3万美元，更比耶鲁毕业生高出近43,000美元。