双语：受气候变化冲击最大的国家是哪些？

　　The US will be hit harder than almost any other country by climate change, according to a major new report.

　　一份新的重要报告称，美国受气候变化的影响将比几乎任何其他国家都大。

　　The research is the first time that researchers have developed a reliable set of data that allows each country to know just how much economic damage will be done by carbon dioxide emissions. And the surprising results show that considerable damage could be done to some of the world’s greatest powers.

　　这是研究人员首次整理出一套可靠的数据，能够让每个国家知道二氧化碳排放会造成多少经济损失。这些出人意料的结果表明，一些世界上最强大的国家可能会遭受相当大的损失。

　　The three countries set to lose the most from climate change are United States, India and Saudi Arabia, according to the new research. The findings rely on measuring the social cost of carbon, in an attempt to understand how much is lost through climate emissions.

　　根据该最新研究，因气候变化而受损最大的三个国家是美国、印度和沙特阿拉伯。该研究基于对“碳排放社会成本”的衡量，试图了解碳排放到底造成了多少损失。

　　And it also found that the damage being done worldwide by those emissions is significantly higher than in estimates used by authorities including the US government.

　　研究人员还发现，这些碳排放在全世界造成的损失远远高于包括美国政府在内的官方机构所使用的估计数据。

　　The social cost of carbon is a measure designed to take into account the full price that harmful emissions have to the economy. Often, politicians and companies argue that the cost is relatively minimal – it doesn’t hurt the environment in any immediate way, and could initially benefit the economy through increased crop yield in some regions – but SCC aims to take into account the full cost over time.

　　“碳排放社会成本”(后面简称为SCC)是一种旨在衡量有害排放导致经济付出的全部代价的评估方法。政界人士和企业往往会说，相关成本相对较低——不会立即对环境造成损害，而且最初还可能通过提高某些地区的粮食产量而使经济受益——但SCC旨在将碳排放在长期的全部影响都考虑在内。

　　The measure is used, among other things, as a way to work out the true cost of policy decisions. The US Environmental Protection Agency, for instance, uses it as a way to inform decisions.

　　此外，这一衡量标准也被用来确定决策的真实成本。例如，美国环境保护局就把它作为一种宣示决策(合理性)的方式。