首页> 社区> 出国考试> 国际趣闻> 马里亚纳海沟难逃塑料污染研究:鱿鱼体内蛋...

  中国中科院研究者发现,在马里亚纳海沟(Mariana Trench)存在大量微塑料,这表明即便是地球最深处也没能避免塑料灾难。

  这篇在去年12月发表的文章称,在万米以下的海沟底部沉积物和海水中发现大量微塑料(microplastics)。

  The analysis, published in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters, found that the concentration of microplastics increased as the sample sites descended the trench. At the bottom, they reached a maximum of 2,200 pieces per litre in sedimentsand 13 pieces per litre in water.

  一项发表在《地球化学展望期刊》上的研究发现,随着实验者采样点逐渐下降到海沟中,微塑性物质的浓度也不断增加。在海沟底部沉积物中,研究者探测到的最高塑料密度达到了每升2200件,在海水中密度达到了每升13件。

  The deepest point on Earth is heavily polluted with plastic, scientists have discovered, showing how pervasively the world has been contaminated.

  科学家们发现,地球上最深处被塑料严重污染,由此人们可以感知到地球被污染的程度到底有多广泛。

  研究者介绍,大多数的微塑性塑料是几毫米长的纤维,很可能来自于衣服、瓶子、包装和渔具。聚酯是沉积物中最常见的塑料,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯用于瓶子和衣服,在水样中最常见。

  据悉,每年有超过800万吨塑料垃圾流入海洋,造成海洋生物死亡且伤害生态系统,但减少塑料污染的关键可能就藏在海洋中。

  早前,曾有研究者发现,鱿鱼体内发现的蛋白质能用来制造塑料的替代物。

  据CNN报道,2月21日发表于化学期刊《前沿化学》的一项研究称,鱿鱼体内发现的蛋白质能用来制造永续的塑料替代物。

  Proteins found in squid can be used to create sustainable alternatives to plastics, according to a report published in Frontiers in Chemistry.

  据化学期刊《前沿化学》的一项研究,鱿鱼体内发现的蛋白质能用来制造永续的塑料替代物。

  鱿鱼体内什么部位的蛋白质可以转化成塑料的替代品呢?答案是鱿鱼吸盘上的锐利齿环。

  Squid grasp their prey using suction cups on their tentacles and arms. The cups are equipped with sharp "ring teeth" that hold the food in place. The teeth are made from proteins that are similar to silk, and these have become the subject of scientific interest in the last few years.

  鱿鱼用触腕上的吸盘补抓猎物,吸盘上有锐利的齿环,这些齿环由类似丝绸的蛋白质组成,在过去几年,这些蛋白质已成为科学研究的目标。

  动物是天然蛋白质的来源,可制成纤维和薄膜等,用作各种用途。科学家称,用蛋白质制成的材料具有环保性、可持续性,可生物降解。

  相关研究报告第一作者宾州州立大学的Melik Demirel表示,这些天然物质能成为“很棒”的塑料替代品。

  The natural protein is created by the animal and can be made into fibres and films for a range of uses, including smart materials and self-healing recyclable fabrics. Scientists claim these materials are eco-friendly, biodegradable and sustainable.

  动物是天然蛋白质的来源,用途广泛,可以制成用来做智能材料和自愈性可回收面料的薄膜和纤维。科学家称,这些材料具有环保性和可持续性,能够生物降解。

  Melik Demirel, of Pennsylvania State University, is lead author of the new report, which reviews existing research on materials made from these proteins. He says his team has produced prototypes of fibers, coatings and 3D objects made from the squid ring teeth (SRT) proteins.

  宾州州立大学的Melik Demirel是相关研究报告的第一作者,他针对既有研究检视这些蛋白质制成的物质。他表示,他的团队已经从鱿鱼齿环蛋白质(SRT)中制造出纤维、涂料和3D物体的雏形。

  那么,齿环蛋白质(SRT)变成环保可降解物质的原理是什么呢?

  The elasticity, flexibility and strength of the squid ring teeth materials comes from the range of ways its molecules can arrange themselves. Self-healing, optical, thermal and electrical conducting properties are all created with a different layout. The SRT proteins self-heal when water, heat and pressure is applied by creating hydrogenbonds between different groups of the neighbouring chains.

  鱿鱼齿环材料的弹性、柔韧性和强度是由其多种粒子排列方式决定的。其自愈性、感光性、导热性和导电性也与不同粒子排列方式有关。当相邻链的不同粒子之间建立氢键来施加水、热和压力时,齿环蛋白质(SRT)就会自我愈合。

  这种现象类似于石油和水之间的相互作用和缺乏混合的现象。

  除了具有环保性,作为塑料的替代品,鱿鱼齿环蛋白质也可应用于其他领域 。

  Squid proteins can be used to produce next generation materials for an array of fields including energy and biomedicine, as well as the security and defence sector, says lead author Melik Demirel at Penn State University.

  Melik Demirel称,鱿鱼齿环蛋白可用来制作能源、生物医学、安全及国防等一系列领域的新生材料。

  而且,目前研究者已经开发出通过操纵细菌来创造蛋白质的方法,研究不会伤害到鱿鱼。

  The SRT proteins can be produced in the laboratory using genetically engineered bacteria, which means they don't need to use any squid. The process is based onfermentation, using sugar, water and oxygen.

  鱿鱼齿环蛋白可以全程在实验室中运用基因细菌工程做出来,不需要用到任何鱿鱼,制作过程以发酵为主,只需要糖、水和氧气。

  fermentation /,fɝmɛn'teʃən / : 发酵

  目前,该项研究成果暂且不能投产,Demirel坦言还需要取得更多试验进展。

  Demirel explains, “Scaling up these materials requires additional work. We are now working on the processing technology of these materials so that we can make them available in industrial manufacturing processes.”

  Demirel说:“增加材料的产量需要做更多工作。目前我们正在攻克制造这些材料的难题,以后便可投入工厂实现批量生产。”

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