生活小百科：防晒霜不能多涂！化学成分会迅速进入血液

　　夏天到了，爱美的女士们又要开始多多地涂防晒霜了，因为大家都知道，防晒霜可以防黑抗衰老。但是美国食品和药物管理局近日开展的一项研究发现，防晒霜中的一些成分会在使用一天后就进入血液，并在人体内滞留24个小时以上。这些成分会不会给健康造成危害呢?

　　It took just one day of use for several common sunscreen ingredients to enter the bloodstream at levels high enough to trigger a government safety investigation, according to a pilot study conducted by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, an arm of the US Food and Drug Administration.

　　根据美国食品和药物管理局下属的药品评价和研究中心开展的一项初步研究，防晒霜中的几种常见成分在涂抹一天后就会进入血液，且浓度高到足以启动政府安全调查。

　　The study, published Monday in the medical journal JAMA, also found that the blood concentration of three of the ingredients continued to rise as daily use continued and then remained in the body for at least 24 hours after sunscreen use ended.

　　5月6日发表在医学期刊《美国医学会杂志》的这项研究发现，三种防晒霜成分在血液中的浓度在日常使用后持续增加，而且在停止使用防晒霜后，这些成分在人体内至少会滞留24个小时。

　　The four chemicals studied -- avobenzone, oxybenzone, ecamsule and octocrylene -- are part of a dozen that the FDA recently said needed to be researched by manufacturers before they could be considered "generally regarded as safe and effective."

　　研究中涉及的四种防晒霜成分——阿伏苯宗、氧苯酮、依茨舒、奥克立林是食品和药物管理局近日要求制造商调查的12种化学成分中的一部分，以确定它们是否“普遍安全有效”。

　　In the United States, sunscreens were originally approved as an over-the-counter solution to sunburn. They came in two types: one using chemical combos to filter the sun, the other using minerals to block the sun such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, which leave a telltale white coating. With many people not wanting to sport a white tint, the popularity of the chemical sunscreens soared.

　　在美国，防晒霜原本是针对晒伤开出的非处方药。防晒霜分为两种：一种是用化合物来过滤阳光，另一种是用二氧化钛或氧化锌等矿物质来阻隔阳光，矿物质防晒霜会在皮肤上留下一层白色粉末。因为许多人都不喜欢皮肤上留下白色痕迹，所以化合物防晒霜变得更加受欢迎。

　　over-the-counter: adj. 非处方的

　　telltale['tɛltel]: adj. 泄密的

　　Because of the way they were used at the time, there wasn't a lot of concern about a potential health impact. But that soon changed, and the FDA began to ask the industry for safety testing, said David Andrews, senior scientist at the EWG.

　　环境工作组的资深科学家戴维·安德鲁斯说，由于当时防晒霜的使用方式，人们并不担心防晒霜的潜在健康影响。不过情况很快就发生了改变，因此食品和药物管理局开始要求防晒霜产业进行安全检测。

　　"They were originally used in small quantities to prevent sunburn on vacation," Andrews said. "Now they recommend applying these every day, applying them to large parts of your body. And the FDA began raising concerns."

　　安德鲁斯说：“原本人们只是在度假的时候少量使用防晒霜，以防止被晒伤。但现在商家建议人们每天都使用防晒霜，并在身体上大面积地涂抹。因此食品和药物管理局开始提醒人们注意。”

　　The new FDA study enrolled 24 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to a spray or lotion sunscreen that contained avobenzone, oxybenzone or octocrylene as ingredients or a crème sunscreen that contained the chemical ecamsule.

　　食品和药物管理局的这项新研究招募了24名健康的志愿者，随机让他们使用含有阿伏苯宗、氧苯酮或奥克立林的防晒喷雾或防晒乳液，或使用含有依茨舒的防晒霜。

　　The volunteers were asked to put their assigned sunscreen on 75% of their bodies four times each day for four days. Thirty blood samples were taken from each volunteer over seven days.

　　志愿者被要求将指定的防晒霜涂在身体四分之三的皮肤上，每天涂四次，连续涂四天。在七天时间内，研究人员从每名志愿者身上抽取30份血样。

　　Of the six people using the ecamsule cream, five had levels of the chemical in their blood considered statistically significant by the end of day one. For the other three chemicals, especially oxybenzone, all of the volunteers showed significant levels after the first day.

　　使用含有依茨舒的防晒霜的6个人当中，有5个人的血液中所含的化学成分在使用一天后显著增加。至于其他三种化学成分，尤其是氧苯酮，所有志愿者在使用一天后血液中的化学成分显著增加。