研究显示：肥胖基因是存在的！网友：我命由天不由我

　　减肥是夏天的主题之一。

　　肥胖的原理是什么?

　　老百姓说的“吃多动少”翻译成科学家的话就是：

　　Obesity is the resultant energy imbalance in a person who consistently consumes more calories from food and drink than are needed to power their body’s metabolic and physical functions.

　　如果一个人不断地从食物和饮料中摄入卡路里，并且超过了身体代谢和功能所需的量，那就会导致体内能量失衡——肥胖。

　　说白了就是热量失衡。“吃多了动少了”就是导致热量供过于求的原因。

　　但我们发现，有的人吃得胖，有些人吃不胖，还有人不吃都长胖。

　　吃不胖的先拖出去，我们来聊聊胖胖的你，有哪些“命不由我”的因素。

　　肥胖基因真的存在，而且还有400多个。

　　“我饿了，我要吃”、“我饱了，不吃了”——这些都是大脑发出的信号。

　　The brain regulates food intake by responding to signals received from fat tissue, the pancreas, and the digestive tract. These signals are transmitted by hormones—such as leptin and insulin.

　　大脑通过响应来自脂肪组织、胰腺和消化道的信号来调节食物的摄入。这些信号由致轻素、胰岛素等激素传递。

　　The brain coordinates these signals with other inputs and responds with instructions to the body: either to eat more and reduce energy use, or to do the opposite.

　　大脑将这些信号与其他输入信号进行协调，并对身体给出指示：要么吃多点，减少能量消耗，要么吃少点，多运动。

　　而基因就是传递这些有关食物摄入的信号的基础。

　　To date, more than 400 different genes have been implicated in the causes of obesity or being overweight, although only a handful of these appear to be major players.

　　迄今为止，(研究者们发现)有超过400种不同的基因与超重或肥胖的原因有关，但是只有少数基因似乎是主要因素。

　　美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)在其官网公布了8个与病态肥胖有关联的基因(变体)。

　　表格中的基因，有的调节胰岛素合成，有的会激发食欲，促使你摄入更多食物，还有的会促成脂质的吸收，加速脂肪组织的生成。

　　Genes contribute to the causes of obesity in many ways, by affecting appetite, satiety (the feeling of fullness), metabolism, body-fat distribution, and the tendency to use eating as a way to cope with stress.

　　基因可以多方面影响肥胖的成因，它会影响食欲、饱腹感、新陈代谢、体脂分布、以及将饮食作为减压方式的倾向。

　　基因对你影响大吗?

　　其实，每个人受肥胖基因影响的程度不一。来测测，你是不是那个“天选之人”：

　　Genes are probably a significant contributor to your obesity if you have most or all of the following characteristics:

　　如果你符合下列多数或全部描述，那么你的肥胖受基因的影响就很大：

　　You have been overweight for much of your life.

　　你一生中多数时候都很胖。

　　One or both of your parents or several other blood relatives are significantly overweight. If both of your parents have obesity, your likelihood of developing obesity is as high as 80%.

　　父母一方或双方，或者其他血亲有严重肥胖。如果你的父母都患有肥胖症，那么你的患肥胖的几率可能高达80%。

　　You can't lose weight even when you increase your physical activity and stick to a low-calories diet for many months.

　　就算多动并且减少热量摄入持续数个月体重也不会减少。

　　Genes are probably a lower contributor for you if you have most or all of the following characteristics:

　　如果你符合下列多数或全部描述，那么基因对你肥胖的影响就很小。