吃饭时看手机会长胖？这5个危害健康的习惯你中枪？（双语）

　　人类的身体其实是非常脆弱的，即使是看起来并没什么大不了的习惯，在日复一日的重复后也会造成非常大的伤害。

　　现代生活正在以前所未有的速度来创造各种各样的有损健康的怀习惯。国外专家列出了几个最典型、也是最容易被忽视的不健康工作生活行为，快来看看你有没有中招吧!

　　边看视频吃东西会长胖!

　　Multitasking While Eating

　　Screws Up Your Diet

　　吃饭时一心多用，会打乱你的饮食

　　Let's talk about something that we as a country excel[1] at: eating in front of the television. We've been doing it like champs since 1954, when the first TV dinner was created right here in the good ol' U.S. of A.[2] Surely, there's no downside to dinner and a show, right? And certainly nothing that, who knows, feeds directly into our great nation's greater obesity epidemic?

　　先让我们来谈谈咱们国家(作者是美国人)最擅长的事情：边看电视边吃饭。1954年电视刚刚兴起那会儿，我们美好的老美国出现了第一顿电视晚宴，从那时起我们做这种事情就已经领先全球了。当然，一顿晚餐和一场表演并没有什么坏处，对吧?那好像也没有什么东西直接助长了我们伟大国家“杰出”的肥胖流行病现状，谁知道呢?

　　Oh, there is? Whoops.

　　哦,有吗?那这就很尴尬咯。

　　Eating while distracted can increase your calorie intake by up to a third. And the consequences don't stop at weight gain. Distracted eaters are also more likely to keep eating later, adding even more empty calories[3] that you're almost certainly not going to do anything about. One study found that the average office desk contained almost 500 calories of squirreled-away snacks.

　　吃东西的时候一心多用，会让你摄入的卡路里增加多达三分之一。而且后果并不仅仅是体重的增加。吃东西的时候分心，会让你更有可能继续吃下去，增加很多的空热量(无营养卡路里)，而几乎可以肯定的是，你并不会对这些卡路里做任何事情。一项研究发现，人们的办公桌上平均有近500卡路里的储存零食。

　　This one isn't complicated. It's a simple lack of mindfulness. Generally it takes about 20 minutes for your brain to tell your gut that you're full. But if you're eating while distracted, you're prone[4] to either hurry because the Jenkins report was due, like, yesterday or overeating because you've got three servings of General Tso's[5] in front of you and it's hard to follow your diet plans when a Kelly Ripa interview is happening on your phone.

　　这个道理并不复杂，这只是简单的缺乏专注力而已。一般来说，你的大脑需要花20分钟来告诉你的肚子说你已经饱了。但是如果你吃饭的时候分心，你一方面会容易着急，比如詹金斯报告已经到期了;另一方面你会暴饮暴食，比如你有三份左宗棠鸡肉摆在面前，而凯莉·瑞帕的采访视频就正好出现在你的手机上，你就很难想起你之前订好的饮食计划了。

　　In fact, if you were waiting on all of the "phones are bad for you" entries, here's one right now ...

　　事实上，如果你一直在等着看所有“手机对你有害”的条目，这里就有现成的一条……

　　1. excel：[ɪk'sɛl] vt. 超过;擅长 vi. 在某方面胜过别人)

　　2. in the good ol' U.S. of A.：全称是 In the good old United States of America，或者你可以想成是 In the good old USA的变体，意思是 “在美好的老美国”。good old US of A，这是美国人给他们的国家起的昵称。

　　3. empty calories：空卡路里，毫无营养的卡路里。什么是空热量食物?就是那些热量非常高，但是营养接近于零的食物，比如糖。

　　4. prone：[pron] adj. 俯卧的;有…倾向的，易于…的

　　5. General Tso's：左宗棠鸡，又名左宗鸡。这道菜中国人可能不是很了解，但在美国却是一道很受欢迎的中国菜。

　　带病工作是最愚蠢的!

　　Showing Up To Work When You're Sick

　　Is Stupid And Counterproductive[1]

　　带病坚持工作既愚蠢又适得其反

　　Statistically, you have gone to work when you were sick, probably because you felt like you didn't have a choice. Whether it's because you don't have any paid sick days, had to power through in order to meet a deadline, or both, this is one of the most stupidly self-destructive habits our society claims to admire[2].

　　一般来说，你带病上班，可能只是因为你觉得自己别无选择。无论是因为你没有带薪病假的余额，还是因为要赶截止日期而不得不坚持工作，还是两者兼而有之，这都是我们的社会所推崇的最愚蠢的自毁习惯之一。

　　We'll start with the obvious, which is that by pressuring you to work, your boss is putting everyone in the office at risk of catching your flu, including some older people who maybe can't bounce back from it so easily. This, of course, creates more work for you when everyone else inevitably[3]gets sick.

　　我们从一个明显的例子开始，那就是，通过强迫你带病工作，你的老板把办公室里的每个人都置于感染上你流感的风险之中，包括一些年纪较大的人，而且他们可能不太容易从流感中恢复过来。当然，当其他人都不可避免地被传染生病之后，你就有更多的工作了哦。

　　And hey, speaking of more work, you're statistically probably making a ton of mistakes that you're going to have to fix later. Because when you're sick, you're by definition not firing on all cylinders. Even something as simple as a stuffy head and feeling run down means your productivity and attention to detail takes a demonstrable hit. But at least your supervisor can get a pat on the back for having inspired you to power through the adversity, right?

　　哦，说到更多的工作，你可能在带病工作的时候犯了无数错误，之后还需要你再改过来。因为当你生病的时候，你显然是没有办法开足马力干活的。即使是一些简单的问题比如脑袋昏乏，感觉疲惫，也意味着你的工作效率和对细节的关注度会受到明显的打击。但至少你的上司可以给你一些鼓励，因为他正好在激励你在逆境中获得力量，对吗?

　　Of course, working while sick also extends the duration of your illness, often by weeks. After all, work creates stress, and stress weakens the immune system. More than that, working while sick actually drags down your opinion of your job in the long run, exhausting[5] you emotionally and putting you at risk for future cardiovascular disease, anxiety, depression, and burnout.

　　当然，带病工作也会拖长你生病的时间，通常你需要几个星期才能恢复过来。毕竟，工作带来了压力，而压力又让免疫系统再次下降。更重要的是，从长远来看，生病时坚持工作实际上会降低你对工作的态度，让你情绪疲惫，而且你将来也面临着患上心血管疾病、焦虑、抑郁和精疲力竭的风险。

　　It's around here that we should note that America is absolute trash when it comes to paid sick leave[6], creating the current epidemic of "presenteeism."[7] That's the technical term for employees going to work while sick and making everything worse. It's even stupider when you realize that studies show working while sick is significantly more expensive for a company than letting employees take time off. It's almost like they've been trained to equate suffering with success.

　　说到这儿我们就应该注意到，美国谈到带薪病假时就是个当之无愧的“垃圾”，因为她制造了当前流行的“出勤主义”。这是一个技术术语，指的是员工在生病的时候还要去上班，可这会让一切变得更糟。最愚蠢的是，有研究表明对于一家公司来说，员工带病工作比员工请假还贵得多。这就好比他们被训练成把痛苦等同于成功。

　　1.counterproductive：[,kaʊntəprə'dʌktɪv]：adj. 反生产的，适得其反，事与愿违，与期待的恰恰相反

　　2. admire： [ədˈmaɪr] vt. 钦佩;赞美 vi. 称赞;推崇

　　3. inevitably：[ɪn'ɛvɪtəbli] adv. 不可避免地;必然地

　　4. firing on all cylinders：火力全开，马力十足

　　5. exhausting [ɪg'zɔstɪŋ] adj. 使人筋疲力尽的;使耗尽的 v. 使……精疲力竭;用完，耗尽;排放，排出(exhaust 的现在分词)

　　6. paid sick leave：带薪病假

　　7. presenteeism：[,prezən'tiːɪzəm] 出勤主义，指的是美国提倡员工在生病、压力太大或者有其他事情而无法专心工作时还必须要照常上班的情况。同时，也可以指无论是否有工作可做，老板都希望员工出勤上班的情况。