人口老龄化如何应对？国家规划来了（双语）

　　近日，中共中央、国务院印发了《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》(以下简称《规划》)。《规划》近期至2022年，中期至2035年，远期展望至2050年，是到本世纪中叶我国积极应对人口老龄化的战略性、综合性、指导性文件。

　　The plan requires establishing the basic institutional framework for tackling population aging by 2022. By the middle of the century, a mature institutional arrangement that meets the needs of a great modern socialist country should be put into place.

　　《规划》明确，到2022年，我国积极应对人口老龄化的制度框架初步建立;到本世纪中叶，与社会主义现代化强国相适应的应对人口老龄化制度安排成熟完备。

　　【知识点】

　　人口老龄化(population aging)是世界各国都在面临的一个社会现象。联合国《2019世界人口展望》的数据显示：

　　By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). By 2050, one in four persons living in Europe and Northern America could be aged 65 or over.

　　到2050年，65岁以上人口占全世界总人口的比例将由2019年的9%上升到16%，欧美地区65岁以上人口将占该地区总人口的四分之一。

　　In 2018, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. The number of persons aged 80 years or over is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.

　　2018年，全世界65岁以上人口的总数首次超过5岁以下人口总数。预计到2050年，80岁以上人口总数将是2019年的三倍，由1.43亿增加至4.26亿。

　　《规划》从5个方面部署了应对人口老龄化的具体工作任务。

　　一是夯实应对人口老龄化的社会财富储备。

　　It calls for improving the national income distribution system, steadily increasing the pension reserves and establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system.

　　通过完善国民收入分配体系，稳步增加养老财富储备，健全更加公平更可持续的社会保障制度。

　　二是改善人口老龄化背景下的劳动力有效供给。

　　This requires improving the quality of new members of the labor force, establishing a lifelong learning system for senior citizens, and striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs.

　　通过提升新增劳动力质量、构建老有所学的终身学习体系，实现更高质量和更加充分就业。

　　三是打造高质量的为老服务和产品供给体系。

　　A high-quality health service system including health education, disease prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term nursing and hospice care should be established, according to the plan.

　　建立和完善包括健康教育、预防保健、疾病诊治、康复护理、长期照护、安宁疗护的高质量老年健康服务体系。

　　四是强化应对人口老龄化的科技创新能力。

　　The plan also values the application of technology in responding to population aging including strengthening the development of assistive technologies for senior citizens.

　　加大老年健康科技支撑力度，加强老年辅助技术研发和应用。

　　五是构建养老、孝老、敬老的社会环境。

　　It also calls for fostering a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. The legal system will be improved to protect the lawful rights and interests of senior citizens.

　　建设养老、敬老、让老人安度晚年的社会环境，强化应对人口老龄化的法治环境，保障老年人合法权益。

　　【相关词汇】

　　人口老龄化 population aging

　　高龄津贴 old age allowance

　　社区养老服务 community-based elderly care

　　老有所养 care for the elderly